En su aproximación a la realidad andina, y en su confrontación con el orden oligárquico peruano, Zulen superó algunas limitaciones del indigenismo criollo al considerar que los indígenas eran los sujetos de su propia liberación. Zulen (1889-1925), la figura que inspiró la Asociación Pro-Indígena (1909-1916), inició su lucha indigenista con una actitud humanitaria, liberal y paternalista. Based on sources which had not yet been utilized, this article proposes to reconsider the existing image of Zulen, the product of superficial appraisal by Mariátegui in his Seven Essays on the Interpretation of Peruvian Reality, and to relocate him within the history of radical Peruvian thought as an important landmark between González Prada and Mariátegui. Consistent with his liberalism and with his ethically idealistic position, Zulen transcended his initial Eurocentrism, working out both a critique of the capitalist modernism of his age and of the modernization with which Peru was experimenting. An outstanding philosoher and intellectual promoter, although an outsider to the Limean criollo intelligentsia (the son of a Chinese merchant), Zulen, from his unique perspective, developed a democratic-radical and nationalistic discourse which was the precursor of revolutionary indigenousness in the twenties. In his approach to Andean reality and his confrontation with the Peruvian oligarchical order, Zulen rose above some of the limitations of indigenismo criollo in his consideration of indigenous peoples as subject to their own liberation. Zulen (1889-1925), the inspirational figure of the Pro-Indigenous Association (1909-1916), initiated his indigenous struggle with an attitude that was humanitarian, liberal and paternalistic.

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